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Referencing: APA Style

Citing Email

Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications, such as email messages, memos, letters, and  interviews, are not included in the reference list. Cite in text only.

Citation In-Text Example: Interviewing one expert revealed several interesting developments (S.B. Lantinga, personal communication, May 2, 2008).

Citing Blogs

Citation In-Text Example:  Vander Veen (2016) compares four elements of healthy living to the legs of a table.

Reference Entry:  Vander Veen, K. (2016, February 16). It is up to you [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://inallthings.org/ it-is-up-to-you/

Citing Tweets

INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR

Citation In-Text Example:  There are many philanthropists that are doing good work in this area (Gates, 2013).

Reference Entry:  Gates, B. [BillGates]. (2013, February 26). #Polio is 99% eradicated. Join me & @FCBarcelona as we work to finish the job and #EndPolio. VIDEO: http://b-gat.es/X75Lvy [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/BillGates/status/306195345845665792

 

GROUP AUTHOR

Citation In-Text Example:  The Stanford study focused on sleeping brain behaviour (Stanford Medicine, 2012)

Reference Entry: Stanford Medicine [SUMedicine]. (2012, October 9). Animal study shows sleeping brain behaves as if it's remembering: http://stan.md/RrqyEt #sleep #neuroscience #research [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/SUMedicine/status/255644688630046720